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Type of the Paper (Review) 1
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Sources, Occurrence, Properties and Methods to remove PFAS from wastewater and it’s effect: 3
A Comprehensive Review 4
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Parneet kaur , Gurpreet Bamrah , Keshav Bagrodia , Anuj Sharma , Pradeep Kumar , 5
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Saurabh Kulshreshtha * 6
1 Faculty of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology 7
and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P. 173229. 8
* Correspondence: sourabhkulshreshtha@shooliniuniversity.com 9
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Abstract: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are manufactured compounds which are used 11
worldwide in packaging, food industries, inks, oils and mining industries. Although it has many widely 12
used in the industries due to its stability properties but it is still a matter of concern due to its toxic 13
effect on the humans, environment and aquatic life. In this review, authors have discussed about the 14
details of the removal of PFAS from wastewater by various new technologies which includes, reverse 15
osmosis (RO), high-pressure membrane filtration or nano filtration, granular activated carbon (GAC), 16
and ion-exchange resins (IXR). The toxic effect of various PFAS on their exposure is also explained in 17
details. the main aim of this review is to give in-sight details about PFAS to the readers. 18
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Keywords: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances; reverse osmosis; ion-exchange resins; nano filtration. 20
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1. Introduction 22
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Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are artificially manufactured compounds. The 24
structure is formed of a hydrophobic fluorinated alkyl chain at one end and on the other end 25
there is a hydrophilic functional group [1]. PFAS possesses one of the strongest chemical 26
linkages (C-F) known, making them water repellent and resistant to environmental 27
degradation or by any physical, chemical and biological processes [2-3]. In this review, author 28
has given the comprehensive details about the various sources, occurrence and properties of 29
PFAS in the environment. Although PFAS are manufactured at a very large scale due to its 30
Sustainability 2022, 14, x. https://doi.org/10.3390/xxxxx www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability